The cause of breast Breast cancer is a complex disease with multiple contributing factors. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the known causes and risk factors: Primary Causes (Direct Contributors) Genetic Mutations Inherited mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase risk. Other genes (e.g., TP53, PALB2, ATM) also play roles. Hormonal Factors Estrogen exposure: Prolonged exposure (early menstruation, late menopause, hormone therapy) raises risk. Pregnancy history: Never giving birth or first pregnancy after age 30 increases risk. Radiation Exposure Especially during adolescence or young adulthood (e.g., chest radiation therapy).   Key Risk Factors (Indirect Contributors) Non-Modifiable Risks Age: Risk increases after 50. Gender: Women are at higher risk, but men can develop it too. Family history: Close relatives with breast/ovarian cancer. Dense breast tissue: Higher density correlates with higher risk. Modifiable Lifestyle Risks Obesity: Postmenopausal weight gain increases estrogen production. Alcohol: Regular consumption (even 1 drink/day) elevates risk. Physical inactivity: Sedentary habits contribute to obesity/hormonal imbalances. Smoking: Linked to aggressive subtypes. Environmental & Medical Factors Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Long-term use of estrogen+progestin. Oral contraceptives: Slight risk increase, but diminishes after stopping. Night shift work: Disrupted circadian rhythms may play a role (under study).   Emerging Research Areas Epigenetics: How lifestyle/environment alters gene expression. Microbiome: Gut bacteria’s potential influence on estrogen metabolism. Environmental toxins: Pesticides, plastics (e.g., BPA), but evidence is inconclusive.   Prevention Tips Screen regularly (mammograms, self-exams). Maintain a healthy weight and active lifestyle. Limit alcohol and avoid smoking. Discuss genetic testing if family history exists. Would you like details on symptoms or regional healthcare resources in Nigeria?

 

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